VENTILATING SHAFTS.
VENTILATION OF SEWERS BY MEANS OF TALL CHIMNEY SHAFTS.
This means of ventilation has been used, where permission could be obtained from the owners of shafts, at Carlisle. The Carlisle sewers, since their construction in 1855, have been ventilated by tall factory chimneys. This city
was one of the first to take advantage of this help to sewer ventilation, and there are about thirty tall shafts connected with the sewers. Messrs. P. Dixon & Sons, of Shaddongate and West Tower Streets, were the first to allow the experiment to be made, on the understanding that if it was found to be injurious to the works the Carlisle authorities would cut off the connection ; this, however, was not required to be done. The sewers in the neighbourhood of their tall chimneys are well ventilated, the current of air passing through one of the ventilators connected to the Shaddongate shaft, 300' high, having a velocity of 50 miles per hour, the pressure of air at the base of the chimney
being equal to a column of water 1.3” inches in height. From experiments made by Mr. H. U. McKie, City Surveyor, Carlisle, it was found the sewers were perceptibly ventilated for a radius of 400 yards, equal to an area of 502,656 square yards, or over 103 acres, and if the system of sewers and house drains had been laid out and executed with a view of being ventilated by this shaft the surveyor had no doubt the radius could have been considerably extended.
Leicester. No. 25 chimney shafts have been connected to the sewers of this town, and the Corporation are obtaining permission from manufacturers whenever they can to extend the system.
Sunderland. No. 9 shafts are connected to the sewers here, and the surveyor says they are not a success.
Great Yarmouth. No. 5 shafts, 50' high, have been specially built in connection with the main sewers to act as ventilators.
Coventry. No. 15 shafts are here connected to the sewers of the town.
York. No. 3 shafts are here utilized as ventilators.
Hereford. No. 1 shaft only connected to sewers and the effect is quite local, the few ventilators adjoining invariably act as down cast shafts and the chimney as an up cast.
Blackburn. In one case only is a chimney connected to aid the sewer ventilation.
Bolton. A limited number of shafts have been utilized as sewer ventilators in this town, and with good results.
Mr. E. Buckham, Borough Surveyor, Ipswich, does not share in the fear that damage is likely to arise from explosions caused by gas leaking into the sewers, and thence travelling to the chimneys ; he has not heard of such an accident and thinks the possibility of it occurring most remote. The fact that sewers are only affected by these shafts to a limited extent is, in his opinion, rather in favour of their use than otherwise, because where the exhaust is too powerful there is a probability of the traps of the house drains becoming unsealed.
Dixon's Stalk at Carlisle.
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